Greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere and contribute to global warming long after they are emitted (in most cases, for a century or more), so cumulative emissions are an important measure of a country's contribution to climate change. From 1850 to 2000, the United States and the European Union were responsible for about 60% of energy-related CO2 emissions, while China contributed 7% and India 2%.

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[1] http://pewclimate.org/facts-and-figures/international
[2] http://pewclimate.org/global-warming-basics/facts_and_figures